WHY

WHY
Why Life is so complicated
Why people get treated that way
Why the good people have
To go through hell.
Why they can’t put the bad people
In jail. Why theirs World War I, II, III

Why it have to be violence why it can’t
Be peace. Why we can’t get along.
Why the bad people have to be so wrong

Why someone that you love have
To die .God put us in the world we need to survive.



By Harlinda, Leeann

F~A~B~O~L~O~U~S

the greastest rapper but he is so under rated!!!!

Jay-z aka H.O.V.A

This hip-hop icon Sean "Jay-z" Carter is known for having gud songs being at the top of the game made a "multi-million dollar deal which will have Live Nation financing future start-up ventures"by Carter him self...From doing this he will be getting 775,434 of Live nation financing shares and also an additional (only if he wants it)500,000 more shares with a price of $13.73,also sum of these shares go towards marcy media since he is with this company.So basically this company Live Nation that he is with will give him 5 million dollars each year for 5 years plus 25 million for financing which also he gets another additional 10million dollars for each album he puts out(a minimum of 3 albums)also he will recieve 20 million dollars for publishing rights and the licensing.The Live Nation also produced the Jay-z/Mary J.Blige tour(sold out seats).The thing that Sean Carter did was that he have an educated fund for Sean Bells kids where they can go to where ever college they choose and his widow Nicole Bell is part of Jay-z`s roca wear line which iz called "I will not Lose"

http://www.defsounds.com/news/Jay_z_closes_live_nation_deal_sets_up_educational_fund_for_sean_bells_children

http://link.brightcove.com/services/link/bcpid1287040795/bclid1300129704/bctid1433964424

Humor: Old American proverbs updated for today

Okay, here goes:

Don't count your chickens before they hatch - The futures market is too risky.

A penny saved is a penny earned - Unless it's in a Savings and Loan.

Laughter is the best medicine - Make sure it's covered.

It never rains but it pours - And FEMA is never around.

Where there's smoke there's fire - And Marion Barry.

You can't go home again - Because it's been repossessed.

A fool and his money are soon parted - Unless you work for Haliburton.

An apple a day keeps the doctor away - So does an HMO.

Once bitten, twice shy - Twice bitten, once dated Marv Albert.

An ounce of prevention beats a pound of cure - A good cover-up beats an impeachment.

Be careful what you wish for; you may get it - Unless you're voting for president.

Different strokes for different folks - See: Larry Craig

If it ain't broke, don't fix it - If a levee breaks, don't fix it.

It takes a village to raise a child - It takes a precinct to find the father.

It's not over till the fat lady sings - It's not over till a recital by a woman with weight issues, most likely brought on by low self-esteem accompanied by body dysmorphia.

Kill two birds with one stone - Get two years with one good lawyer.

Nice guys finish last - Guys with ADD never finish anything.

Practice makes perfect - A law practice makes money.

People in glass houses shouldn't throw stones - It'll lower the resale value.

Quitters never win and winners never quit - And Republicans never learn.

The pot calling the kettle black - The pot calling the kettle African-American.

There's no such thing as a free lunch - Unless it's paid for by a lobbyist.

Where there's a will, there's a way - To contest it.

When life hands you lemons, make lemonade - Then mark it up and sell it at a huge profit.

You can't make a silk purse out of a sow's ear - The labor costs are too high.

Good fences make good neighbors - Bad contractors make lousy fences.

If you can't stand the heat, get out of the kitchen - It's climate controlled.

Ignorance is bliss - George W. Bush is ecstatic.

Source: http://www.helium.com/items/870167-count-chickens-before-hatch

T.I

This is the King of the South T.I/Tip he as made it to the top and now he have to go to jail for weapons he had or suppose to have."T.I., whose real name is Clifford Harris, must spend at least 1,000 hours talking to youth groups about the pitfalls of guns, gangs and drugs before reporting for about a year in prison".Now at 27 he will most likely do his time but his five kids wouldnt b lonely for long but they will have to understand the things he have done.T.I will might do more time but if he is on good behavior and do all da community survice hours then he will be released in the next year,plus Clifford "T.I Tip" Harris will also have to pay $100,000 and also he have to do a total of 1,500 hours of service then he have to do "three years of supervised"

LITERACY IN AFRICA AS A GATEWAY TO ERADICATING POVERTY

Literacy in Africa is one of the major issues that African Leaders are combating with. About 40% of African children are out of school, 20% are still dreaming of going to school, 20% are still in school, and 20% are now in university, graduated, and employed. Poverty is the major issue deviating literacy in Africa. Many families cannot afford for their children to go to school, especially when they are close to the last brink of their resources, therefore, management and frugality must be applied. However, it is not that these poor people are not aware of education or its vitality as a gateway to end poverty in their family, but they have no other choice but to take another path not towards educating their family, rather, their priority is to bring the family to a level of survival.

Some countries are rich but corruption is nailing the country down towards success, while other countries are so poor due to warring crises among ethnic groups. The crises had destroyed millions of property, including school, hospital, banks, burning of farms etc. With the rapidity of the vandalism and humanitarian crime involving the crises going on, there is a little hope of economic and social revival for these nations. Therefore, when a country or nation is undergoing uprisings, education on the one hand will seem indubitable, and economy on the other hand, is hopeless. Four of ten Africans cannot read or write and there is no sign that the situation will change.

Literacy in Africa is a very paradoxical issue. Even though it serves as a gateway to eradicating poverty, the future seems ambiguous. Therefore, for literacy to attain a strong hold in Africa, it will need to be bolstered. A saying goes that actions is better than words. The issue Literacy in Africa is like a talk-show without active inputs, it will only depicts a smoke in the wind, which vanishes within seconds. In order to alleviate this situation, justice must be built. Some countries are now subsidizing crude oil over agriculture, overlooking the penitence that will arise from these decisions. Upon all, crude oil is only benefiting the wealthy not the poor people. Millions of people have lost their home, family, and their life-agriculture, because of the unexpected discovery of crude oil. The happiness of these people is their survival, irregardless of literacy.

The consequences of illiteracy, contrary to literacy, in Africa are very intriguing. Many poor farmers who based their life, hope, family, and survival on agriculture are now facing self-erasion. Because of their illiteracy, many of these poor farmers agric-products are undervalued by intransigent and unscrupulous co-operative managers, while others have died from overdose or self-medication due to their inability to read the prescription printed on the tablet box. According to the director of AAN, "illiteracy is the greatest threat to the development of Africa because it undermines the fragile democracies."

According to the latest UNESCO report, literacy remains a major barrier to the development of African countries. Literacy policies in Africa are diverse, but they commonly suffer from a lack of financial, material and human resources. Electricity and financial condition in Africa is making the issue of literacy unsolvable. For example, the term 'computer literacy' only applies to rich and wealthy international business owners in Africa. Electricity or power shortage also impacts computer literacy. We all know that a computer as any gadgets needs electricity to operate. Some families that are considered less fortunate can afford a small electrical generator. However, these 'techs' have their own negative sides: because of the voltage generated by an electrical generator, it has been warned that computer should not be boot during this process of electrical generation.

Harsh discipline in Africa is enervating literacy, even though it serves as the best option towards building good and respectable futures. But the authorities are taking a theoretical overdose of the issue. We all agree that discipline is vital for the African kids, but the excess of discipline is maltreatment. Many African kids had developed cold fear due to every day punishments. Many teachers had neglected their teaching duties of tutoring and advising for the so-called punishments fame. Even there is no significant difference between public school in Africa and the refuse dumping places. Some African governments are making lots of money from Agricultural businesses to crude oil businesses. Yet the population is suffering. Where are all these profits mapping to? When these kids have lost their educational privileges due to school authorities’ dictatorships, then, the only option is to become a school-drop out, even worse, premature pregnancy, or gangs. The heaven for these African kids is any continent or nation that is outside the Africa, such as the U.S, European countries, South America, and Australia, where freedom lies and great opportunity waits. Truly, “God bless America, the land of dreams.”

The question regarding this issue is: If literacy is attained in Africa, will it last long when the invidious government is still indisposed? If literacy is attained, will it last long when economic stability remains unreachable, and poverty rate is increasing with high rapidity? The answer is apparently, no. For literacy to be attained, economic conditions needs to be improved, and corruption must be displaced from the government, then, literacy will survive. Literacy in Africa cannot stands on its own without other things to back it up.

Source: http://www.helium.com/items/1007854-literacy-africa-major-issue

Lil wayne

Lil Wayne or as he calls himself Weezy F Baby, is a talented Hip Hop artist. He was discovered at the age of 12 and signed by Cash Money records at age 14. He lived with his mom before he started a new life as the son Of Birdman another Hip Hop artist. Weezy has a daughter called Reginae. Throughout his career he has made hit records like "Hustler Muzik", "Fireman", "Gossip", "Lollipop", and so on. He has also gotten awards for best collaboration and best rap songs.

Tha Carter (2004) signaled a change in direction for Lil Wayne. The album itself wasn't a huge departure from Lil Wayne's past three -- it's filled to the brim with tracks produced by Cash Money in-house producer Mannie Fresh, some of which could well have been left on the cutting room floor -- yet it showcased a more measured and mature performance by the rapper, who seemed newly emboldened and sported a new look on the album cover (i.e., dreadlocks). The change in direction was commercial as well as musical, as Tha Carter featured Lil Wayne's biggest hit in years, "Go DJ"; moreover, the album itself was a Top Five hit. Also in 2004, Lil Wayne began to be guest-featured regularly, starting with Destiny's Child's "Soldier," a Top Three hit.

I got some informations from: http://www.starpulse.com/Music/Lil_Wayne/Biography/

His newest hit song Lollipop is also a #1 hit

The value of African idioms and proverbs

The sayings of Africa are some of the most profound words you will ever hear. Take the famous Tanzanian proverb many hands make light work'. This is a saying that has been adopted all over the world and encourages people to work together. Another famous example is the Nigerian proverb It takes a whole village to raise a child'. These words of wisdom span the globe appearing in American movies and books.

The value of African idioms and proverbs is far reaching; there are numerous examples of the benefits of proverbs:

1. They share with the world the practical wisdom African people have learnt in their way of life. Take the Zulu proverb You cannot chase two antelope at once' this proverb developed when African people found they could only capture one animal at a time because if they tried to focus on more then one they would all get away. This practical wisdom of tackling one thing at a time applies to people all over the world not just those chasing after wildlife.

2. They provide an understanding of the way of life in Africa. The view on gender roles in Africa is summed up by the proverb from Ghana that says A woman is a flower in a garden; her husband is the fence around it'.

3. They help to dispel the belief that African people are barbaric and uneducated. There is often a stigma surrounding people who cannot speak English and are not educated in a typical western manner. When these proverbs are translated it is easy to see the intelligence and life experience African people possess. This can help make people understand that one society and its way of life is not superior to any other society and its way of life.

4. They sum up a moral or lesson in a clear and concise manner. It is often said that a picture can tell a thousand words. Proverbs have the ability to explain a thousand words in one simple sentence or statement. There are many long winded essays, articles and papers on how thinking positively is beneficial. The Tanzanian proverb One who bathes willingly with cold water doesn't feel the cold' sums this up in one line.

5. They tend to be uplifting and inspiring. One such example is the Zulu proverb You should face your responsibilities squarely, no elephant ever found it's trunk too heavy.'

6. Proverbs can get a hard hitting message across in a profound rather then a nasty or demoralizing manner. One such example is when you bite indiscriminately, you end up eating your own tail' (Zulu proverb). Another example is the Gambian proverb Words are like bullets; if they escape you can't catch them again'. These proverbs subtly warn people of the consequences of their actions.

7. They unify people around the world. Many proverbs can be interpreted in the same context by people with different cultures, religious beliefs and languages. The truths they speak can span the globe. The Ethiopian proverb No fly enters a mouth that is shut' is spoken in not only African villages, but in many middle eastern and European countries.

8. Proverbs can open the door to insightful and entertaining discussions. Using proverbs in a discussion is an entertaining way to narrate your point. They can also give a greater potency to any message you are trying to convey. For example, if you wanted to try and explain to someone the consequences of lying the Yoruba proverb You may tell little lies, small as a thorn, but they will grow to the size of a spear and kill you' poignantly teaches this lesson.

Source: http://www.helium.com/items/1007906-sayings-africa-profound-words

News Alert:Usher getting Married!

usher Raymond is getting Married to Harlinda Adolphe
our wedding will be in Atlanta Georgia Where the rest of his
family lives. Inventations will be held at madison squear garden

WORSENING ELECTRICITY SUPPLY IN NIGERIA AND A GENERAL LOOK AT THE ECONOMY CRISIS

The issue of worsening electricity in Nigeria is not due to the lack of resources in the government, but the major cause is the inefficiency and unreliability of the government. The electricity in Nigeria depicts clearly the scandal of financial corruption enraging in the government. Paradoxically, the absolute magnititude of Nigeria's electricity which represents rapidity that candle lights is used in preferably. Annually or monthly, the NEPA bills are rolling out to citizens who benefit and did not from this electricity projects. Where are all these average citizen electricity payment mapping to in the department of governments? Are the electricity company employees benefiting or losing?

Over N300 billion was supposedly spent on road maintenance. Yet there is not a single road that has been rehabilitated, including the one leading to Otta. Over $2 billion has been spent on NEPA. Yet power outages have worsened nationwide except perhaps in Abuja. The refineries remain shut in spite of the billions spent for their rehabilitation. This poor infrastructure has necessitated the closure of many of our industries. Capacity utilization for the remaining industries has fallen below 35%. This has impacted adversely on the employment rate. The naira has lost more than 50% of its value in the last 4 years.

There is little evidence to show that the economy is being diversified, the media hype about telecommunications notwithstanding. The apparent success recorded in that sector is more than offset in macroeconomic terms by the massive daily outflow of our scarce foreign exchange through the purchase of recharge cards, which could easily be manufactured in Nigeria. The government thus resembles one giant multinational oil company even though its sisters are better managed.

Vociferously, millions of poor workers, citizens are crying out in response to the electric problem facing Nigeria as the so-called wealthiest country in Africa. The question regarding this issue is: If Nigeria should be supplying the Niger State electricity with unlimited usage, while are the Nigerian polis experiencing problem? Upon all, light-or-no-light, the bill must be paid. What difference does make of it, if the National Power Authority should disconnect a citizen's electricity due to inadequate payment? Does it make it any difference to use a candle lights instead of electricity? The answer is apparently, no.

The class structure in Nigeria is very bad and it needs some tune-up. Comparing and contrasting the standard economical way of living in Nigeria depicts clearly the sufferings sacrificed by the poor citizens for the rich people. If a whole senator's salary is close to #2million, then, there is no cause for suffering in Nigeria. Every month is a holiday for government workers due to strikes. Teachers, commuters, student union, labor unions, electricity company, public marketers etc. These people are paid bad wages. Millions of Naira is going behind the statistical governmental spending calculation or overlooked. Security officials are selling out security to the offenders, such as arm robbers, in return for huge amount of money or shared profit with the offenders. The security is so humiliating, that you will see high-way robbery in daylight, then, approximately 24-hours later, police intervention will be approved. This action justifies nothing but corruption.

Even sometimes, there will be a face-to-face tournament between the police officials and the notorious robbers, which will finally end with the offenders winning, with no police officials surviving the shoot-outs. The result of worsening electricity is the outcome of bad water supply. Sincerely, United States economical and technological level cannot ce reached by Nigerian governments in the next 100+ years to come, with the outcomes of things. This does not mean pessimism, but reality.

If electricity is the major problem in Nigeria what about drug trafficking-a global issue. According to the latest world-wide report on drug trafficking, U.S CIA has confirmed that the major shipping of hard drugs, such as cocaine and hero (abbreviated) is from Afghanistan to Nigeria to the U.S. I don't blame this poor people, which are left with no other choice but to look for another means of Survival.

Proposal: Nigeria governments and her citizen can attain a good governments, social order and orderly society if they imitate other developed countries system, such as the U.S. Corrupt leaders should be swiped away from government post. If possible, half percent of their salary should be given to Charity Organization to take care of the poor and the homeless. The government should re-budget her economy spending by including healthcare costs, good transportation, good road security, anti-prostitution propaganda, and a good education system (good public school). Water supply must be adequate and clean. The government should seek another source of energy with clean capacity that does not contribute more pollution to the society and the world in general. Every governmental spending should be budgeted with respect to public awareness. *Above all, good and non-costly electricity should be available for the people to use at affordable rates, without classical exemptions. If this proposal is accepted, then, Nigeria as a whole should experience years of prosperity.

Source: http://www.helium.com/items/1002576-issue-worsening-electricity-nigeria

Close Friends

Close Friends
I have 5 close friends that I hope to be my best friends
I have 5 Close friends that would stick with me till the end

I have their back, they have my back
It seems like we would always be attached

Leeann, Latisha, Kalinda, Valencia, Wykeysha
My 5 close friends

bored-ism

we all know when your bored you tempt to do crazy things. i'am here to inform you, about things to do when your bored. when were bored, we can get into trouble and sometimes get into a word i made lazy-a-tion. thats when your really lazy and dont feel like doing nothing at all. thats when you want a maid, but too bad we cannot afford maids.

somethings you can do is go outside play basketball,baseball, or even handball. you could also try druming. these solutions can lead you out of trouble..]

not done..

cj

Murder in the old Schoolhouse?

Our reporter "Banshkeed" and a 9th grader found a shinbone within the original schoolhouse. The bone was located within a few of the southern entrance to the building. It was a reddish brown in color. The bone was humanoid in shape and seemed to within a few days old. There was also a tray of food on top of a table filled with green food that couldn't be identifed at the time. If the doors are usually locked and very few staff members have access to the monument, who could have left it? And most importantly, where did it come from? Pictures soon to be posted.

FOOOOOOOD!!!!!!!!!!

FOOD! Food is the most imporant thing in most peoples lives,especially the fat ones,im just playin'. My favorite food is PIZZA!!!! Its just so good and cheesy. I could eat it all the time because its just very good and the taste is incredible. Acually I do eat it everyday and i never ever get sick of it. What is your favorite food?

Chris Brown

This is Chris Brown as we all know. A young and talented R&B singer. He became famous in the year 2005, With his first song "Run It Feat. Juelz Santana." Not only can he sing but he can dance and act. He appeared in the movie "Stomp The Yard" as the brother of a "Go Getta" dancer.

He is from Tanpahannock, Va. Last year he day viewed his new album "Exclusive" and mostly all the songs that have come out have made it to the top ten on the billboard. His new hit "Forever" is a classic, he talks about how he wnated to be with a super model. I'll say he is the most loved R&B singer by girls. It is every girls dream to meet him.

Have you tasted Nigerian Foods before? If not, then, check this out.

Here are the names of the Foods:
1.)egg salads...... e.t.c( Nigerian-English foods)
2.)Different types of Nigerian rice recipes.
3.)Edikan ikon with fufu(ponded yam). This is a southern Nigerian food
4.)Egusi soup with fufu(pounded yam). Now, this my cultural and favorite food. The ethnic name for the food is [iyan].
5.)Coconut rice with fish stew and plantain. I love this food too.
You can go to http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://murphysplacedallas.com/images/Egusi%2520Soup%2520Fufu%2520(Pounded%2520Yam).jpg&imgrefurl=http://murphysplacedallas.com/menu.html&h=107&w=143&sz=152&tbnid=CLN0RUJfvioJ:&tbnh=107&tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpounded%2Byam&hl=en&sa=X&oi=image_result&resnum=1&ct=image&cd=2
for informations on how to prepare the food or the resturant that is serving the food. Guyz, you need to give this food a kiss!

Bomb Threat At Erasmus

There was a bomb threat at Erasmus Hall Campus on May 6, 2008. The building was evacuated for a few hours while students had to stand outside in the hot sun, until later moved to another school. Later they said everyone was safe to return to school but we had to go through scanning again which caused disturbance among students. People tried to force their way into the school. Well in the end everyone was safe.

Martin (S-16 All DAY BANNAZ)

NBA Playoffs 2008

The NBA playoffs have been going on for quite long. Every year teams from the East Coast faces teams from the West Coast and see who is the best. This year it has been fun. The Celtics, Cavaliers, Magic, and the Pistons are the teams who have a better chance to qualify in the Easy Coast. On the West Coast, the teams are the Lakers, Jazz, Hornets, and Spurs also have a better chance. Kobe Bryant just got an award for the Lakers Most Valuable Players of all times.

http://www.nba.com/playoffs2008/index.html

Rodney's Post

THIS IS LAGOS, NIGERIA

The city of Lagos lies in south-western Nigeria, on the Atlantic coast in the Gulf of Guinea, west of the Niger River delta, located on longitude 3° 24' E and latitude 6° 27' N. On this stretch of the high-rainfall West African coast, rivers flowing to the sea form swampy lagoons like Lagos Lagoon behind long coastal sand spits or sand bars. Some rivers, like Badagry Creek flow parallel to the coast for some distance before finding an exit through the sand bars to the sea.


One of the lagoons surrounding Lagos. The three major urban islands of Lagos in Lagos Lagoon are Lagos Island, Ikoyi, and Victoria. These islands are separated from the mainland by the main channel draining the lagoon into the Atlantic, which forms Lagos Harbour. The islands are separated from each other by creeks of varying sizes and are connected to Lagos Island by bridges. However the smaller sections of some creeks have been built over or filled in so today in places there is scarcely any water dividing Lagos Island and Ikoyi, or Victoria Island and Maroko.

You can go to: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos to read more about lagos, with interesting pics.

WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF MASS EXTINCTION?

In definition, extinction is the disappearance of an entire species. Over the last 50 years, about half of the world's tropical rain forests have been burned to make pasture and farmland or have been cut for timbers. Many thousands of square miles more will be destroyed this year. The people responsible, often poor farmers, view the forests lands as a resource to be developed, much as American view North American forests as a century ago.

The problem is that as the rain forests disappear, so do their inhabitants. No one knows how many species are being lost. To find out, scientists carefully cataloged all of the residents of one small segments of forest and then extrapolate their data. That is, scientists use what they know to predict what they do not know.


The resulting estimates vary widely, but it is clear that Earth is losing many species. Some 10 percent of well-known species teeter on the brink of extinctions. Worst-case estimates are that we will lose up to one-fifth of the world's species of plants and animals-about 1 million species-during the next fifty years. An extinction of this size has not occurred in at least 65 million years, since the end of the age of the dinosaurs.

The tragedy of extinction is that as species disappear, so do our chances to learn about them and their possible benefits. This situation is comparable to burning library before reading the books-we lose forever the knowledge that we have might gained. For example, two potent anticancer drugs have been isolated from the rosy periwinkle, a flower that occurs naturally only on Madagascar, an island being devastated by deforestation.

Any the time the rate of individuals within a species is greater than the birth rate, extinction is a possibility. Generally, extinction occurs when the environment changes. Temperature change; sea levels rise and fall. Grasslands become deserts; clear lakes become polluted. The variation of organisms within a species will survive the changing environments,
the species will become extinct.

The fossil record shows that throughout geological time, millions of species have evolved, survived for a while, then failed to adapt successfully, and finally became extinct. It is a surprisingly common process. In fact, from the number of fossils of extinct organisms found, it is apparent that a majority of the species that ever lived on Earth is now extinct.

Extinctions of species can also be caused by the introduction of nonnative species. Some species move from one ecosystems to another on their own. Animals may migrate to new areas, and seed can be varied by wind or water to different places. Even humans can influence the spread of nonnative species to other ecosystems, sometimes accidentally and sometimes on purpose.

Starlings, for instance, were purposely brought to the United States. In the 1800s, a few dozen European starlings were released in New York City. The birds rapidly multiplied , and today there are millions of them across the United States.

Both starlings and native North American bluebirds nest in holes in tree trunks and fence posts. As a result, the two species compete for shelter. The bluebirds nearly lost the battle. Concerned citizens launched a multi state effort to build and distribute bird boxes. These boxes, specially designed with small entrances, provided nesting nesting places for the blue birds and kept larger starlings out.

In conclusion, in its new environment, the nonnative species may have no natural enemies to keep its numbers in check. As a result, its members can quickly multiply and take over an ecosystem. The new competing species may wipe out an existing native species and cause changes in the ecosystem.

Source:http://www.helium.com/items/898067-definition-extinction-disappearance-entire

EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION

FOSSIL RECORD
Have you ever looked at a series of maps that show how a city has grown? Buildings and streets are added, changed, or destroyed as the years pass by. In the same way, fossils of animals show a pattern from early ancestors to modern descendants. Fossils offer the most direct evidence that evolution takes place. Recall that a fossil is the preserved or mineralized remains or imprint of an organism that lived long ago. Fossils, therefore, provide an actual record of Earth's past life forms. Change over time(evolution) can be seen in the fossil record. Fossilized species found in older rocks are different from those found in newer rock, as we all know, fossils of early multicellular life forms, such as the crinnoid, occur in 800-million-year-old rocks found in Indiana. Fossils of the pterodactyl, an extinct reptile, occur in 140-to 210-million-year-old rocks.

After observing such differences, Darwin predicted that intermediate form between the great groups of organisms would eventually be found. Since Darwin's time, some of these intermediates have been found, while others have not. For example, fossil intermediaries have been found between fishes and amphibians, between reptiles and mammals, adding valuable evidence about the fossil history of the vertebrates.

Today, Darwin's theory is almost universally accepted by scientists as the best available explanation for the biological diversity on Earth. Based on a large body of supporting evidence, most scientists agree on the following three major points:

1. Earth is about 4.5 billion years old.
2. Organisms have inhabited Earth for most of its history.
3. All organisms living today share common ancestry with earlier, simpler life-forms.

FORMATION OF FOSSILS
The fossil record, and Thus the record of he evolution of life, is not complete. Many species have lived in the environments where fossils do not form. Most fossils form when organisms and traces of organisms are rapidly buried in fine sediments deposited by water, wind, or volcanic eruptions. The environments that are most likely to cause fossil formation are wet lowlands, slow-moving streams, lakes, shallow seas and areas near volcanoes that spew out volcanic ash. The chances that organisms living in upland forests, mountains, grassland, or deserts will die in just the right place to be buried in sediments and fossilized are very low. Even if an organisms lives in environment where fossils can form, the chances are slim that its dead body will be buried in sediments before it decays. For example, it is very likely to be eaten and scattered by scavengers.

Furthermore, the bodies of some organisms decay faster than others do. For example, an animal with a hard exoskeleton(such as a crab) would have a better chance of becoming fossilized than would a soft-bodied organisms, such as an earthworm.
Although the fossils record will never be complete, it presents Strong evidence that evolution has taken place. When a fossils is discovered, paleontologists(scientists who study fossils) analyze the sediments around it.

By radiometric dating certain types of rocks and minerals in those sediments, paleontologists can arrange the fossils in order from oldest to youngest. When this is done, orderly patterns of evolution can been seen. Based on existing fossils, Whales are thought to have evolved from an ancestral line of four-legged mammals, which are represented by there fossils and artistic reconstruction showing what scientists think that they may have looked like. They are arranged in the order that they evolved, based on their fossil's age as determined by radiometric dating.

Source:http://www.helium.com/items/918828-fossil-record-looked-series

NATURAL SELECTION

Natural selection played a very important role in evolution. Natural selection is the process by which species adapt to their environment. Natural selection leads to evolutionary change when individuals with certain characteristics have a greater survival or reproductive rate than other individuals in a population and pass on these inheritable genetic characteristics to their offspring.The reason that natural selection is important is that it's the central idea, stemming from Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, that explains design in nature. It is the one process that is responsible for the evolution of adaptations of organisms to their environment.Darwin's book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection caused quite a stir when it appeared in 1859. Evidence to support evolution and natural selection, of course, has accumulated over time, and now science accepts that evolution is a fact and that natural selection explains very well how adaptive evolution takes place.

The idea that life evolves may have been first proposed by Lucretius, a Roman philosopher who lived about 2,000 years ago before he modern theory of evolutions was proposed. Then, in 1859, the English naturalists Charles Darwin published convincing evidence that species evolve, and he proposed a reasonable mechanism explaining how evolution occurs.

Like all scientific theories, the theory of evolution has developed through decades of scientific observation and experimentation. The modern theory of evolution began to take shape as a result of Darwin's work. Today almost all scientists accept that evolution is the basis for the diversity of life on Earth.

Darwin realized that Thomas Malthus's hypothesis about human population apply to all species. Every organism has the potentials to produce many offspring during its lifetime. In most cases, however, only a limited number of those offspring survive to reproduce. Considering Malthus view and his own observations and experience in breeding domestic animals. Darwin made a key association, "individuals that have physical or behavioral traits that better suit their environments are more likely to to survive and reproduce more successfully than those that do not have such traits. Darwin called this differential rate of reproduction by natural selection. In time, the number of individuals that carry favorable characteristics that are also inherited will increase in a population. And thus the nature of the population will change-a process called evolution.

Darwin further suggested that organisms differ from place to place because their habitats present different challenges to, and opportunities for, survival and reproduction. Each species has evolved and has accumulated adaptations in response to its particular environments. An adaptation is an inherited trait that has become common in a population because the trait provides selective language.

In 1844, Darwin finally wrote down his ideas about evolution and natural selection in any early outline that he showed to only a few scientists he knew and trusted. At about this time, both a newly published book that claimed that evolution occurred, and Lamarck's hypothesis about evolution were harshly criticized. Shrinking from such controversy, Darwin put aside his manuscript.

Darwin decided to publish after he received a letter and essay in June 1858 from the young English naturalists Alfred Russel Wallace(1823-1913), who was in Malaysia at the time. Wallace's essay described a hypothesis of evolution by natural selection! In his letter, he asked if Darwin would help him get the essay published. Darwin's friend arranged for a summary of Derwin's manuscript to be presented with Wallace paper at a public scientific meeting.

Natural selection is only the process of adaptation within species, and we see many examples of that. Under some circumstances natural selection does play a role in the origin of new species, by which I mean a splitting of one species lineage into two different lineages that do not interbreed with one another - for example, the splitting of one ancestral primate lineage into one that became today's chimpanzee and the other that became the hominid line resulting in our own species. The process of splitting and becoming reproductively isolated, that is, incapable of breeding with one another, can often involve natural selection but perhaps not always.

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